The state protect and promote Buddhism.The government followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language.The Sinhala community of Sri Lanka dominated the minority Tamil people and practised majoritarian policy.The Tamilians whose forefathers came from India as plantation workers during colonial rule and settled in Sri Lanka are called Indian Tamils.Most of Sinhala Speaking people are Buddhist, while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims.Tamil natives of Sri Lanka are called Sri Lankan Tamils who constitute 13% of the population and are concentrated in the North and East of Sri Lanka.Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948.Like other nations in the South Asia region, Sri Lanka has a diverse population.It has a diverse population of about 2 crore people with 74% Sinhala Speakers and 18% Tamil Speakers.Sri Lanka is an island nation, just a few kilometers off the southern coast of India.This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language related issues. 🔹 The ‘community government’ is elected by the people belonging to one language community- Dutch, French and German speaking-no matter where they live. ❇️ Concept of ‘Community government’ of Belgium :. 🔹 A social group of any size whose member resides in a specific locality, share government, and often have a common cultural and historical heritage. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language- related issues. “Community government’ elected by the particular language speaking community.Separate government in Brussels in which both the communities have equal representation.Wide powers to state governments State governments are not subordinate to the central government.Equal number of Dutch and French- speaking ministers in central government.❇️ Steps taken to Remove Tensions in Belgium :. This led to tension between the Dutch and French speaking communities.This was resented by the Dutch speaking community, who got the benefits of economic development and education much later.🔹 The social disparity led to tensions between Dutch and French speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s. ❇️ Tensions between the French and Dutch Communities :. The French were part of an aristocracy of trades man and thus were financially strong.The French speaking population was better read, more qualified and had access to more resources than the native Dutch Population.
The power has been into the hands of French people for a longer period and benefitted them for economic development and education.In Brussels, the capital of Belgium, the French speaking people are in majority.❇️ minority French speaking community being relatively prosperous and powerful :. The minority French speaking community was relatively rich and powerful.The capital of Belgium is Brussels, where 80% people speak French, while 20% speak Dutch language.The minority French speaking community (40%) was relatively rich and powerful while the Dutch-speaking community (59%) got the benefit of development and education much later.❇️ Ethnic structure of Belgian society :. Belgium shares borders with Netherlands, France, Germany and Luxembourg.Belgium is a small federal state in Western Europe, smaller in area than the state of Haryana.🔹 It means a belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country in whichever way it wants, by disregarding the wishes and needs of the minority, e.g., Sri Lanka opted for majoritarianism, in which majority Sinhalas rule the country. They need not always have the same religion or nationality. People belonging to the same ethnic group, believe in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of culture or both. 🔹 A social division based on shared culture. 🔹 Power sharing among the three organs of state viz, Legislature, Executive and Judiciary is very important for proper functioning of the democracy.
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